HTML BASIC
1. HTML TUTORIAL
With HTML you can create your own Web site.This tutorial teaches you everything about HTML.
HTML is easy to learn - You will enjoy it.
2.HTML INTRODUCTION
EXAMPLE OF HTML
<html>
<body>
<h1>YAN WAHYUDI UMAR</h1>
<p>yan wahyudi umar.</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT FOR HTML
YAN WAHYUDI UMAR
yan wahyudi umar.
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
- A markup language is a set of markup tags
- HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags- HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like
- HTML tags normally come in pairs like and
- The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
- Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML Documents = Web Pages
- HTML documents describe web pages
- HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
- HTML documents are also called web pages
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example Explained
- The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
- The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
- The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
- The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
4.HTML - Getting Started
What You Need
You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools.- You don't need an HTML editor
- You don't need a web server
- You don't need a web site
Editing HTML
HTML can be written and edited using many different editors like Dreamweaver and Visual Studio.However, in this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe using a plain text editor is the best way to learn HTML.
Create Your Own Test Web
If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter.If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop.
(Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as")
mainpage.htm
page1.htm
page2.htm
After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.
Use Your Test Web For Learning
We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad).Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.
.HTM or .HTML File Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.4. HTML Basic
Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned.
You will learn about them in the next chapters.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.Example
<html><body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>
</body>
</html>
RESULT
This is heading 1
This is heading 2
This is heading 3
This is heading 4
This is heading 5
This is heading 6
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.<html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.
<html>
<body>
<a href="http://www.yanwahyudiumar.blogspot.com">
This is a link</a>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<a href="http://www.yanwahyudiumar.blogspot.com">
This is a link</a>
</body>
</html>
RESULT
Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute.
(You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.<html>
<body>
<img src="yanwahyudiumar.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
</body>
</html>
Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.
5.HTML ELEMENT
HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:Start tag * | Element content | End tag * |
---|---|---|
<p> | This is a paragraph | </p> |
<a href="default.htm" > | This is a link | </a> |
<br /> |
HTML Element Syntax
- An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
- An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
- The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
- Some HTML elements have empty content
- Empty elements are closed in the start tag
- Most HTML elements can have attributes
Nested HTML Elements
Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).HTML documents consist of nested HTML element
HTML Document Example
<html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Example Explained
The <p> element:
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element:
<html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
Don't Forget the End Tag
Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag:
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.6.HTML Attributes
HTML Attributes
- HTML elements can have attributes
- Attributes provide additional information about an element
- Attributes are always specified in the start tag
- Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:<html>
<body>
<a href="http://www.yanwahyudiumar.blogspot.com">
yan wahyudi umar-HTML TUTORIAL</a>
</body>
</html>
RESULT
yanwahyudiumar-HTML TUTORIAL
Always Quote Attribute Values
Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='Yan "Wahyudi" Umar'
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes
Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.
HTML Attributes Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:
Attribute | Value | Description |
---|---|---|
class | classname | Specifies a classname for an element |
id | id | Specifies a unique id for an element |
style | style_definition | Specifies an inline style for an element |
title | tooltip_text | Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip) |
7.HTML Headings
Headings are important in HTML documents.
HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.
EXAMPLE
<body>
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This is heading 6</h6>
</body>
</html>
RESULT
This is heading 1
This is heading 2
This is heading 3
This is heading 4
This is heading 5
This is heading 6
Note: Browsers automatically add some empty space (a margin) before and after each heading.Headings Are Important
Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.
HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.The hr element can be used to separate content:
EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
The hr tag defines a horizontal rule:
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.Comments are written like this:
EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<!--This comment will not be displayed-->
<p>This is a regular paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This is a regular paragraph
Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.
HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.
HTML Tag Reference
Tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.
Tag | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
<html> | Defines an HTML document | |||
<body> | Defines the document's body | |||
<h1> to <h6> | Defines HTML headings | |||
<hr /> | Defines a horizontal line | |||
<!--> | Defines a comment |
8.HTML Paragraphs
HTML documents are divided into paragraphs.
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a paragraph.
Don't Forget the End Tag
Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.
<p>This is a paragraph.
<p>This is a paragraph.
<p>Don't forget to close your HTML tags!</p>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.
<p>This is a paragraph.
<p>This is a paragraph.
<p>Don't forget to close your HTML tags!</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
Don't forget to close your HTML tags!The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it.
Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks
Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This is
a para
graph with line breaks
<html>
<body>
<p>
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau.
Yan wahyudi umar melintasi selat sunda.
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau ke tanah jawa.
someday, yan wahyudi umar will be back in succes....
</p>
<p>Note that your browser ignores the layout!</p>
</body>
</html>
a para
graph with line breaks
The <br /> element is an empty HTML element. It has no end tag.
<br> or <br />
In XHTML, XML, elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead works better in XHTML and XML applications.
HTML Output - Useful Tips
You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.
EXAMPLE
<body>
<p>
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau.
Yan wahyudi umar melintasi selat sunda.
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau ke tanah jawa.
someday, yan wahyudi umar will be back in succes....
</p>
<p>Note that your browser ignores the layout!</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau. Yan wahyudi umar melintasi selat sunda. Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau ke tanah jawa. someday, yan wahyudi umar will be back in succes....
(The example demonstrates some HTML formatting problems)Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau. Yan wahyudi umar melintasi selat sunda. Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau ke tanah jawa. someday, yan wahyudi umar will be back in succes....
Note that your browser ignores the layout!
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HTML PARAGRAPH
How HTML paragraphs are displayed in a browser.
EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
This is a paragraph.
Line breaks
The use of line breaks in an HTML document.
EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This is
a para
graph with line breaks
a para
graph with line breaks
Poem problems
Some problems with HTML formatting.
EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau.
Yan wahyudi umar melintasi selat sunda.
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau ke tanah jawa.
someday, yan wahyudi umar will be back in succes....
</p>
<p>Note that your browser ignores the layout!</p>
</body>
</html>
<body>
<p>
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau.
Yan wahyudi umar melintasi selat sunda.
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau ke tanah jawa.
someday, yan wahyudi umar will be back in succes....
</p>
<p>Note that your browser ignores the layout!</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau. Yan wahyudi umar melintasi selat sunda. Yan wahyudi umar pergi merantau ke tanah jawa. someday, yan wahyudi umar will be back in succes....
Note that your browser ignores the layout!
More Examples
More paragraphs :
EXAMPLE :
<html>
<body>
<p>
This paragraph
contains a lot of lines
in the source code,
but the browser
ignores it.
</p>
<p>
This paragraph
contains a lot of spaces
in the source code,
but the browser
ignores it.
</p>
<p>
The number of lines in a paragraph depends on the size of your browser window. If you resize the browser window, the number of lines in this paragraph will change.
</p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This paragraph contains a lot of lines in the source code, but the browser ignores it.
This paragraph contains a lot of spaces in the source code, but the browser ignores it.
The number of lines in a paragraph depends on the size of your browser window. If you resize the browser window, the number of lines in this paragraph will change.
The default behaviors of paragraphs.
HTML Tag Reference
Tag | Description | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
<p> | Defines a paragraph | |||
<br /> | Inserts a single line break |
WE WILL LEARN ABOUT TAG IN SPESIAL HTML TAGS
9. HTML Text Formatting
EXAMPLE :
<html><body>
<p><b>This text is bold</b></p>
<p><strong>This text is strong</strong></p>
<p><big>This text is big</big></p>
<p><i>This text is italic</i></p>
<p><em>This text is emphasized</em></p>
<p><code>This is computer output</code></p>
<p>This is<sub> subscript</sub> and <sup>superscript</sup></p>
</body>
</html>
RESULT :
This text is bold
This text is strong
This text is big
This text is italic
This text is emphasized
This is computer output
This is subscript and superscript
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference).
Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only. <strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold! |
Examples
Text formatting
How to format text in an HTML document.
Preformatted text
How to control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag.
"Computer output" tags
How different "computer output" tags will be displayed.
Address
How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document.
Abbreviations and acronyms
How to handle abbreviations and acronyms.
Text direction
How to change the text direction.
Quotations
How to handle long and short quotations.
Deleted and inserted text
How to mark deleted and inserted text. HTML Text Formatting Tags
Tag | Description |
---|---|
<b> | Defines bold text |
<big> | Defines big text |
<em> | Defines emphasized text |
<i> | Defines italic text |
<small> | Defines small text |
<strong> | Defines strong text |
<sub> | Defines subscripted text |
<sup> | Defines superscripted text |
<ins> | Defines inserted text |
<del> | Defines deleted text |
HTML "Computer Output" Tags
Tag | Description |
---|---|
<code> | Defines computer code text |
<kbd> | Defines keyboard text |
<samp> | Defines sample computer code |
<tt> | Defines teletype text |
<var> | Defines a variable |
<pre> | Defines preformatted text |
HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags
Tag | Description |
---|---|
<abbr> | Defines an abbreviation |
<acronym> | Defines an acronym |
<address> | Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document |
<bdo> | Defines the text direction |
<blockquote> | Defines a long quotation |
<q> | Defines a short quotation |
<cite> | Defines a citation |
<dfn> | Defines a definition term |
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